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    Communicative language competence can be considered as comprising several components: linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic.

    Linguistic competences include lexical, phonological, syntactical knowledge and skills and other dimensions of language as system, independently of the sociolinguistic value of its variations and the pragmatic functions of its realisations.

    Sociolinguistic competences refer to the sociocultural conditions of language use. Through its sensitivity to social conventions (rules of politeness, norms governing relations between generations, sexes, classes and social groups, linguistic codification of certain fundamental rituals in the functioning of a community), the sociolinguistic component strictly affects all language communication between representatives of different cultures, even though participants may often be unaware of its influence.

    Pragmatic competences are concerned with the functional use of linguistic resources (production of language functions, speech acts), drawing on scenarios or scripts of interactional exchanges. It also concerns the mastery of discourse, cohesion and coherence, the identification of text types and forms, irony, and parody. For this component even more than the linguistic component, it is hardly necessary to stress the major impact of interactions and cultural environments in which such abilities are constructed.

(https://www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-

reference-languages. Acesso 17.08.2025. Adaptado)

Like many homeless people in America, Derek Forter’s story is not one of crime or bad choices. Instead, he was a casualty of the economic recession.

"One day my company laid off half its employees. Soon I was behind on my rent, and before I knew it I’d lost my apartment.”

Imagem: https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/

To make matters worse, Derek could not secure employment and thinks he knows why.

“I would show up in my cleanest pants and shirt, but I knew I didn’t represent myself well – the other applicants all looked so much more professional. It really affected my self-esteem.”

Luckily, through a local agency, Derek got in touch with Look the Part, a non-profit organization dedicated to helping homeless people join the workforce. Their motto: Look the part.

“They were phenomenal, giving me a complete makeover inside and out. Not only did they get me a haircut too. Then, they helped with my resume, and we practiced mock interviews. I was more confident than ever, and I nailed my next interview. I’ve been working ever since, and I couldn’t be more grateful.”

Unfortunately, the demand for services like those provided by Look the Part far outweighs their current capabilities. And even though there are other similar organizations, like JobReady and First Impressions, there are many people still struggling to find employment.

In: American Inside Out Evolution. Student’s book Advanced B. KAY, Sue et all. Macmillan Publishers, São Paulo: 2028. Adaptado